
Chemical description | Quaternary amine modified polystyrene-divinyl benzene polymer incorporating non-ionizable hydroxyl groups |
Sorbent type | Mixed-mode hydrophobic and strong anion exchange |
Exchange capacity | 0.7 mmol/g |
Average particle size | 30 µm, 50 µm |
Pore diameter | 40 Å |
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulphate (EtS) are specific metabolites formed within the body after the ingestion of alcohol. In forensic toxicology, when tested together they provide more specific evidence of alcohol intake. This application note demonstrates the simultaneous extraction of both EtG and EtS in the same assay and represents further optimization of AN718 which showed single EtG extraction without EtS. Recoveries for EtG range from 90-105% and 80-103% for EtS across two formats of EVOLUTE AX columns with RSDs <10%. The LOQ is 10 ng/mL for EtG and 2 ng/mL for EtS across both EVOLUTE AX formats.
EVOLUTE AX, EVOLUTE, EtS, EtG, Ethyl Glucuronide, Ethyl Sulfate, SPE, Anion Excange, Urine, OASIS, Waters, Polymeric, Polmers,
Tags: Alcohol metabolite,
Amphetamines,
Application Notes,
Column,
Ethyl Sulfate (EtS),
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG),
Forensic,
LC-MS/MS,
MDA,
Urine
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG, Figure 1.) is an ethanol metabolite formed by the glucuronidation of the parent molecule. The presence of EtG in urine and plasma is a useful and sensitive biomarker of alcohol intake in forensic toxicology. EtG can be detected at very low levels and is useful in distinguishing between ingested ethanol and that which is adsorbed through the skin from ethanol. This application note has been optimized on the RapidTrace+; an updated version of the current RapidTrace software which allows the system to process smaller bed heights than were previously possible. The application note shows analyte recoveries all above 97% with RSDs >10%.
EVOLUTE, Resin, EtG, Alcohol, Alcohol Biomarker, metabolite, anion exchange, Strata X, Oasis, Waters,
Tags: Alcohol metabolite,
Application Notes,
Column,
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG),
LC-MS/MS,
RapidTrace,
Urine
Laboratory chemical
Not for therapeutic or diagnostic use
Tags: English,
Material Safety Data Sheets
Laboratory chemical
Not for therapeutic or diagnostic use
Tags: English,
Material Safety Data Sheets
This poster compares the extraction of the ethanol metabolites (alcohol biomarkers) from urine using strong anion exchange (EVOLUTE AX) and weak anion exchange (ISOLUTE NH2) solid phase extraction columns. A comparison with a simple dilution protocol is also presented.
SOFT 2014
Tags: Alcohol metabolite,
Column,
English,
Ethyl Sulfate (EtS),
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG),
Forensic,
LC-MS/MS,
Posters,
Urine
This poster compares the use of anion and cation exchange SPE approaches for the extraction of these important clinical biomarkers.
MSACL Europe 2014
Tags: 96-well plate,
Clinical,
English,
LC-MS/MS,
Plasma,
Posters,
Reverse Tri-iodothyronine (rT3),
Thyroid Hormone,
Thyroxine (T4),
Tri-iodothyronine (T3),
rT3
This poster evaluates the performance of various polymer-based
ion exchange SPE chemistries for the extraction of thyroid
hormones prior to LC-MS/MS analysis.
Tags: 96-well plate,
Clinical,
English,
LC-MS/MS,
Posters,
Reverse Tri-iodothyronine (rT3),
Serum,
T3,
T4,
Thyroid Hormone,
Thyroxine (T4),
Tri-iodothyronine (T3),
rT3
This poster describes a reduced workflow solid phase extraction method for extraction of vitamin B7 (biotin) from human serum. Using EVOLUTE EXPRESS AX 96-well plates, the traditional sorbent conditioning and equilibration steps are not required, meaning the sample can be applied directly to the dry plate. Post extraction evaporation is also eliminated.
ASMS 2014
Tags: 96-well plate,
Biotin,
Clinical,
English,
LC-MS/MS,
Posters,
Serum,
Vitamin B7,
Vitamins
This poster uses gel electrophoresis data to visually illustrate the amount of residual protein in extracts prepared using protein precipitation, supported liquid extraction and various silica and polymer based SPE approaches.
HPLC2014
Tags: Biological fluids,
English,
HPLC,
LC-MS/MS,
Plasma,
Posters
This poster provides mixed-mode resin-based SPE sample preparation strategies for the simultaneous extraction of EtG and EtS and was presented at EBF 2012.
EtG, EtS, Poster, EBF, EBF 2012, Barcelona, LC-MS/MS, Ethyl Glucuronide, EVOLUTE, EVOLUTE EXPRESS, Polymeric, Polymer, SPE, Solid Phase Extraction,
Tags: 96-well plate,
Alcohol metabolite,
Column,
Ethyl Sulfate (EtS),
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG),
Forensic,
LC-MS/MS,
Posters,
Urine
This poster will demonstrate SPE sample preparation strategies for the simultaneous extraction of both ethyl glucuronide and ethyl sulphate from urine, allowing cleaner extraction protocols compared to traditional dilute and shoot approaches.
EtG, EtS, Urine, Poster, SOFT, Forensic, UPLC, LC-MS/MS, EVOLUTE, AX, WAX
Tags: 96-well plate,
Alcohol metabolite,
Column,
Ethyl Sulfate (EtS),
Ethyl glucuronide (EtG),
Forensic,
LC-MS/MS,
Posters,
Urine
EVOLUTE® AX combines non-polar and strong anion exchange functionality for extraction of acidic analytes from biological fluids and other aqueous samples through a dual, mixed-mode mechanism. This provides additional selectivity and clean-up for complex samples, with salts, phospholipids and proteins eliminated from extracts. Sorbent performance is not compromised by drying during processing. Available in a variety of formats, including modular and 96-well plates and SPE columns, and two different particle sizes (30 µm and 50 µm) depending on application requirements.
The sorbent consists of the EVOLUTE® backbone, surface modified with quaternary amine groups.
EVOLUTE® AX sorbent is available in EVOLUTE® EXPRESS 96-well plate format for use with fast Load-Wash-Elute procedures. Eliminate traditional conditioning and equilibration and increase throughput without compromising performance.
EVOLUTE® sorbents have a narrow pore diameter, tailored to eliminate co-extraction of proteins from biofluids. Removal of proteins during sample preparation avoids transfer in to the analytical system, reducing matrix effects in LC-MS/MS, and avoiding contamination of the analytical column. This minimises the need for frequent backflushing and guard columns replacement.
Using EVOLUTE AX, interferences including proteins, salts, non-ionisable molecules and phospholipids are removed during the interference elution step, ensuring extremely clean extracts (figure 2).
Figure 2. The combination of optimized pore structure and additional interference elution steps using mixed-mode sorbent chemistry guarantees extremely clean extracts.
EVOLUTE AX uses a generic procedure for extraction of acidic analytes in aqueous matrices. The dual retention mechanism retains bases through a combination of non-polar and strong anion exchange interactions. The simple wash steps in the generic method remove >98% of phospholipids from plasma samples.
The combination of robust polymer chemistry, uniform coverage of quaternary amine groups and optimum exchange capacity provide greater than 85 % recovery for a wide range of basic analytes.
EVOLUTE AX should not be used for extraction of sulfonic or other strong acids, (see EVOLUTE WAX).
See the EVOLUTE User Guide for a wealth of method optimisation information.
Narrow particle size distribution provides consistent flow characteristics for a variety of sample matrices. Optimized packing techniques eliminate channelling, which can lead to analyte breakthrough. Additionally, larger particle EVOLUTE AX 50 µm allows for increased flow rates when using particularly viscous samples or large sample volumes.
The surface characteristics of each batch of EVOLUTE AX are quality controlled and tested to ensure consistency.